Recollecting
a Culture: Photography and the Evolution of a Socialist Aesthetic
in East Germany is a study of the political and economic pressures
on the visual arts of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It draws
from the Fotokino Archive, comprised of approximately 14,000 prints
and several thousand negatives, which was accessioned by the Staatliche
Galerie Moritzburg Halle from the publisher V.E.B. Knapp, Leipzig,
in 1989. Knapp began publication of the monthly periodical Die
Fotografie in 1860. After the Second World War, along with all
other media industries in the Soviet sector, Knapp fell under the
control of the East German state. Publication of Die Fotografie
was resumed in 1947. In 1964, the publishing house was moved to the
nearby city of Halle (Saale) and its name changed to the Fotokinoverlag.
Of the two periodicals published by the Fotokinoverlag between 1947
and 1991, Fotokino represented the interests of East German
amateurs and photographic societies, while Die Fotografie presented
professional and art photography from East Germany and abroad. In
1991, following the collapse of the East German economic and political
structure, the Fotokinoverlag was closed.
As
an instrument of East German socialism, Die Fotografie proposed
a provocative revision to the history of photography. "The development
of a socialist conception of art photography in the German Democratic
Republic
" Gerhard Henniger wrote in 1966, "must be
seen in the larger context of the formation of a socialist photo-art
in Germany. Its beginnings go back to the workers' photography and
its struggle against fascism and militarism
Only in this way
can one adequately judge the national and historical significance
of our daily activities." (DF 1/66, p. 8) Thus, in contrast to
Western histories built upon a foundation of works by modernist and
early-modernist masters, the history of East German photography was
built from a body of images by amateurs and artists, largely unknown
outside Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, whose photographs
depicted the world from the class perspective of the worker. The works
published in Die Fotografie and archived by the Fotokinoverlag
were valued for their cultural and political resonance, and for their
affirmation of the "humanistic impulse" as photography's
most significant contribution to art.